Estevao Willian opened the scoring after just 17 minutes, finishing from close-range after Cole Palmer's lobbed effort bounced off the crossbar.
Chelsea dominated territory throughout the first half and looked incredibly comfortable, though Mark Flekken was rarely truly tested. One flashpoint saw Palmer react angrily to a bad tackle from Jarrell Quansah, prompting a short melee, but he shrugged it off.
Leverkusen were simply unable to find a way out of their half in the second period and were camped on the edge of their box.
While Chelsea somewhat struggled for fluency - understandable given the sheer number of changes made throughout the game - they showed some glimpses of what a brutal attacking force they can be, and Pedro, another summer signing, found the net late on to rubber-stamp the win.
The former Brighton attacker took the ball on the edge of the box and fired a low, zipping effort into the bottom corner to a thunderous roar from the Stamford Bridge crowd. He is a fan favourite already.