Van Bronckhorst transitioned into coaching after retiring in 2010, initially serving as assistant coach at Feyenoord. He took over as head coach in 2015 and led the team to Eredivisie glory in 2016–17, along with two KNVB Cup wins. His career then took him to China with Guangzhou R&F, followed by a successful stint at Rangers, where he guided the Scottish side to a domestic cup win and a place in the Europa League final during the 2021–22 season. His most recent role was at Turkish club Besiktas, which he left in late 2024.