Damiani, 22, scored 14 goals and recorded 8 assists across 60 appearances split between boyhood side Nacional and fellow Uruguayan club Boston River, including one goal and one assist in the Copa Libertadores.
He earned his first international cap with Uruguay in May 2024, in an international friendly against Costa Rica.
"Bruno is the exact type of player that we have been looking to add to our striker unit," said Philadelphia sporting director Ernst Tanner.
"He is a tall, physical striker with a proven ability to dominate and be a danger in the final third. Along with his size and strength, he is a clinical finisher and is relentless on the attack. We look forward to getting him integrated quickly and seeing his impact on the pitch."